A Study to assess the effectiveness of Hands on Clinical Training Program on needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses at SMVNC, Puducherry

 

Dr. R. Danasu, Mr. Rajesh

Sri Manakula Vinayagar Nursing College, Kalitheerthalkuppam, Puducherry.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: rajesh.gopinath642@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:  

Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are wounds caused by needles that accidentally puncture the skin. The goal of reducing needle stick injuries has been launched in many countries and by the organizations such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Council of Nurses, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The design adopted was pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. The main study was conducted in SMVNC, Puducherry. The period of data collection was six weeks. Totally 400 Student nurses were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Student nurse’s knowledge level was assessed with self-prepared questionnaire and checklist is used to assessed the skill of Needle stick injuries and its safety measures. The study result shows that in pre-test, Majority of the student nurses 273 (68.2%) had moderate level of knowledge and 127 (31.8%) had inadequate level of knowledge. The mean and standard deviation of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses in pre-test is (14.9+4.716). In post-test, Majority of the student nurses 206 (51.5%) had moderate level of knowledge and 194 (48.5%) had adequate level of knowledge. The mean and standard deviation of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses in post-test is (25.0+5.333). In pre-test, Majority of the student nurses 231 (57.8%) had no competent skill and 169 (42.3%) had low competent skill. The mean and standard deviation of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses in pre-test is (6.73+2.044). In post-test, Majority of the student nurses158 (39.5%) had low competent skill and 242 (60.5%) had high competent skill. The mean and standard deviation of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses in post-test is (12.0+1.766).

 

KEYWORDS: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Council of Nurses (ICN), World Health Organization (WHO), Needle stick injuries (NSIs), American Nurses Association (ANA).

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are wounds caused by needles that accidentally puncture the skin. The goal of reducing needle stick injuries has been launched in many countries and by the organizations such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Council of Nurses, and the World Health Organization (WHO).

 

In 2002, American Nurses Association (ANA) stated that every year, hundreds of thousands of healthcare workers are exposed to deadly diseases like HIV and hepatitis B and C through needle stick and sharp injuries.

 

In 2014, the CDC estimates that each year 3,85,000 needle stick injuries are sustained by hospital-based healthcare personnel.

 

The National Surveillance System for Healthcare Workers (NaSH) (2013) data showed that the nurses (44%) are the predominant occupational group injured by needles and other sharps because they are the largest segment of the workforce in most hospitals.

 

In 2007, the WHO estimated annual global needle stick injuries at 2 million per year. The European Biosafety Network estimated1 million needlestick injuries annually in Europe. The US (OSHA) estimates that 5.6 million workers in the healthcare industry are at a risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne diseases via percutaneous injury. The US CDC, 2007, estimates that more than 600,000 needlestick injuries occur among healthcare workers in the United States annually.

 

Ruta Lukianskyte, Julija Gataeva, et.al., (2010) done a descriptive study on needle sticks and sharps injuries experienced by staff nurses and nursing students and on their prevention. Totally 250 staff nurses and nursing students performing invasive injections at the Republic Hospital of Kaunas participated in the survey. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire-based methodology. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions divided into three parts. I part­ Socio demographic questions, II part­about the needle stick and sharps injuries at their working area, III part­ about safety and health at work including HBV immunization status. This study showed that the prevention of needle stick and sharps injuries is very important in the work place. Staff nurses reported 37 (38.5%) NSIs events. Nursing students reported a 78% injury rate. More than three fourths (78%) of the nursing students experienced NSIs.

 

Dr. R. Revathi, conducted a cross sectional study on the prevalence of needle stick injuries among staff nurses in a tertiary care hospital in the year 2017 at Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu. In this study 100 staff nurses were selected by systematic random sampling. The study results reveal that about 62% of staff nurses had needlestick injury during their work period. Most of the injuries, that is, 53(86%), occurred while injecting drugs to the patient, 42 (79%) occurred while recapping needle and nearly 38(62%) of Needle Stick Injuries occurred during night shift. Forty-seven (76%) of the needle stick injuries have occurred within one year of their experience. Forty-four (71%) of the injuries were caused by hypodermic needle. Only 48(78%) have received full course of hepatitis B vaccine.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.     To assess the level of knowledge and skill regarding needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses at SMVNC.

2.     To evaluate the effectiveness of Hands on Clinical Training Program regarding needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses at SMVNC.

3.     To associate the level of knowledge and skill regarding needle stick injuries with their selected demographic variables among student nurses at SMVNC.

4.     To correlate the knowledge and skill before and after the Hands on Clinical Training Program on needle stick injuries and its related safety measures.

 

HYPOTHESIS:  

H1:   There was significant difference between the level of knowledge and skill among student nurses before and after the Hands on Clinical Training Program.

H2:   There was significant correlation between knowledge and skill regarding needle stick injury and its safety measures among student nurses.

H3:   There was significant association in levels of knowledge and skill regarding needle stick injury and its safety measures among student nurses with their selected demographic variables.

 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The design adopted was pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. The main study was conducted in SMVNC, Puducherry. The period of data collection was six weeks. Totally 400 Student  nurses were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Student  nurse’s knowledge level was assessed with self-prepared questionnaire and checklist is used to assessed the skill of Needle stick injuries and its safety measures. The gathered data analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical method and interpretations was made on the basis of the objectives of the study.

 

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION:               

Inclusion Criteria:

·         Both Male and Female students of B.Sc., and P.B.B.Sc., Nursing students.

·         Students available at the time of data collection.

 

Exclusion Criteria:

·         M.Sc., Nursing students

·         Students who are not willing to participate in the study.

 

 

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA:

Table 1: Frequency and Percentage wise Distribution of Demographic Variables among student nurses. (N=400)

Sl. No

Demographic Variables

Frequency

%

1

Age (in years)

 

·       17-18 years

121

30.3

·       19-20 years

159

39.8

·       20-21 years

103

25.8

·       Above 21 years

17

4.1

2

Gender

 

·       Male

122

30.5

·       Female

278

69.5

3

Type of course

 

·       B.Sc. Nursing

392

98

·       P.B.B.Sc. Nursing

8

2

4

Year

 

·       1st year

104

26

·       2nd year

100

25

·       3rd year

98

24.5

·       4th year

98

24.5

5

Religion

 

·       Hindu

370

92.5

·       Christian

10

2.5

·       Muslim

20

5

·       others

0

0

6

Previous exposure to needle stick injury

 

·       Yes

47

11.8

·       No

353

88.2

7

Number of times exposure to needle stick injury

 

·       One

32

8

·       Two

10

2.5

·       Three

5

1.3

·       None

353

88.2

8

Vaccinated for HBV

 

·       Yes

290

72.5

·       No

110

27.5

9

Area of clinical posting

 

·       Community

36

9

·       Public health center

3

0.8

·       Hospital

361

90.2

10

Chance of giving injection per day

 

·       Yes

212

53

·       No

188

47

 

 

Figure: 1 Percentage wise distribution of demographic variable among student nurse.

 

Table 2: Frequency and percentage wise distribution of pre-test and post- test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses. (N = 400)

Level of Knowledge

Pre-test

Post-test

n

%

n

%

Inadequate knowledge

127

31.8

0

0

Moderate knowledge

273

68.2

206

51.5

Adequate knowledge

0

0

194

48.5

Total

400

100

400

100

 

 

Figure 2: Percentage distribution Pre-test and post- test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

Table 3: Frequency and percentage wise distribution of Pre-test and post- test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.                     (N = 400)

Level of skill

Pre-test

Post-test

n

%

n

%

Low competent

231

57.8

158

39.5

High competent

169

42.3

242

60.5

Total

400

100

400

100

 

 

Figure: 3 Percentage distribution pre-test & post- test  level of skill regarding needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

Table 4: Comparison of the Pre-test and post- test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.                                                              (N=400)

Level of Knowledge

Mean

Standard Deviation

‘t’ Value

‘p’ Value

Pre-test

14.96

4.716

-89.04

0.001**

Post-test

25.04

5.333

**-p < 0.001 highly significant

 

 

Figure: 4 Mean and standard deviation Pre-test and post- test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

 

Table 5: Comparison of the Pre-test and post- test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.                                                                 (N=400)

Level of Skill

Mean

Standard Deviation

‘t’ Value

‘p’ Value

Pre-test

6.737

2.044

-28.34

0.001**

Post-test

12.02

1.766

**-p < 0.001 highly significant

              

Figure: 5 Mean and standard deviation Pre-test and post- test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

 

Table 6: Correlation of level of knowledge and skill in Pre-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.                                                           (N=400)                                                                                                                                         

Level of Knowledge and Skill

Mean

Standard Deviation

‘r’ Value

‘p’ Value

Knowledge

14.96

4.716

-0.405

0.001**

Skill

6.73

2.044

 **-p < 0.001 highly significant

        

Figure: 6 Correlation of level of knowledge and skill in Pre-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.  (negative correlation) 

 

Table 7: Correlation of level of knowledge and skill  in post-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.                                                         (N=400)

Level of Knowledge and Skill

Mean

Standard Deviation

‘r’ Value

‘p’ Value

Knowledge

25.04

5.33

0.569

0.001**

Skill

12.02

1.76

**-p < 0.001 highly significant

 

Figure: 6 Correlation of level of knowledge and skill in Post-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.  (positive correlation)

 

 

Table 8: Association between the Pre-test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith their selected demographic variables.                                                                                                                              (N=400) 

S. No

Demographic variable

Inadequate

Moderate

X2

 

p-value

N

%

N

%

1

Age (in years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

·    17-18 years

75

62

46

38

74.48

3

.001**

·    19-20 years

33

20.8

126

79.2

·    20-21 years

15

14.6

88

85.4

·    Above 21 years

4

23.5

13

76.5

2

Gender

12.68

1

.001**

 

·    Male

54

44.3

68

55.7

·    Female

73

26.3

205

73.7

3

Type of course

1.396

1

.220

 

·    B.Sc. Nursing

126

32.1

266

67.9

·    P.B.B.Sc. Nursing

1

12.5

7

87.5

4

Year

 

·    1st year

70

67.3

34

32.7

94.64

3

.001**

·    2nd year

29

29

71

71

·    3rd year

6

6.1

92

93.9

·    4th year

22

22.4

76

77.6

5

Religion

 

·    Hindu

116

31.4

254

68.6

.439

2

.803

·    Christian

4

40

6

60

·    Muslim

7

35

13

65

·    others

0

0

0

0

6

Previous exposure to needle stick injury

 

·    Yes

15

31.9

32

68.1

.001

1

.550

·    No

112

31.7

241

68.3

7

Number of times exposure to needle stick injury

 

·    One

10

31.3

22

68.8

7.559

3

.056

·    Two

1

10

9

90

·    Three

4

80

1

20

·    None

112

31.7

241

68.3

8

Vaccinated for HBV

 

·    Yes

58

20

232

80

67.18

1

.001**

·    No

69

62.7

41

37.3

9

Area of clinical posting

 

·    Community

6

16.7

30

83.3

5.713

2

.057

·    Public health center

2

66.7

1

33.3

·    Hospital

119

33

242

67

10

Chance of giving injection per day

 

·    Yes

34

16

178

84

51.38

1

.001**

·    No

93

49.5

95

50.5

**-p < 0.001highly significant *-p < 0.05 significant S – Significant, N.S – Not Significant

 

Table 9: Association between the Post -test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith their selected demographic variables.                                                                                                              (N=400)

S. No

Demographic variable

Inadequate

Moderate

X2

df

p-value

N

%

N

%

1

Age (in years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

·           17-18 years

94

77.7

27

22.3

50.15

3

.001**

·           19-20 years

62

39

97

61

·           20-21 years

40

38.8

63

61.2

·           Above 21 years

10

58.8

7

41.2

2

Gender

5.891

1

.010*

 

·           Male

74

60.7

48

39.3

·           Female

132

47.5

146

52.5

3

Type of course

2.295

1

.123

 

·           B.Sc. Nursing

204

52

188

48

·           P.B.B.Sc.Nursing

2

25

6

75

4

Year

 

·           1st year

89

85.6

15

14.4

87.50

3

.001**

·           2nd year

46

46

54

54

·           3rd year

20

20.4

78

79.6

·           4th year

51

52

47

48

5

Religion

 

·           Hindu

189

51.1

181

48.9

1.414

2

.493

·           Christian

7

70

3

30

·           Muslim

10

50

10

50

·           others

0

0

0

0

6

Previous exposure to needle stick injury

 

·           Yes

23

48.9

24

51.1

.410

1

.413

·           No

183

51.8

170

48.2

7

Number of times exposure to needle stick injury

 

·           One

13

40.6

19

59.4

6.249

3

.100

·           Two

5

50

5

50

·           Three

5

100

0

0

·           None

183

51.8

170

48.2

8

Vaccinated for HBV

 

·           Yes

118

40.7

172

59.3

49.34

1

.001**

·           No

88

80

22

20

9

Area of clinical posting

 

·           Community

9

25

27

75

13.67

2

.001**

·           Public health center

3

100

0

0

·           Hospital

194

53.7

167

46.3

10

Chance of giving injection per day

 

·           Yes

75

35.4

137

64.6

46.94

1

.001**

·           No

131

69.7

57

30.3

**-p < 0.001highly significant *-p < 0.05 significant S – Significant, N.S – Not Significant

 

Table 10: Association between the Pre-test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith their selected demographic variables.                                                                                                                          (N=400)

S. No

Demographic Variable

Low Competent

High Competent

X2

 

p-value

N

%

N

%

1

Age (in years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

·       17-18 years

50

41.3

71

58.7

20.4

3

.001**

·       19-20 years

100

62.9

59

37.1

·       20-21 years

68

66

35

34

·       Above 21 years

13

76.5

4

23.5

2

Gender

13.08

1

.001**

 

·       Male

54

44.3

68

55.7

·       Female

177

63.7

101

36.3

3

Type of course

5.972

1

.012*

 

·       B.Sc. Nursing

223

56.9

169

43.1

·       P.B.B.Sc.Nursing

8

100

0

0

4

Year

 

·       1st year

47

45.2

57

54.8

10.908

3

.012*

·       2nd year

58

58

42

42

·       3rd year

66

67.3

32

32.7

·       4th year

60

61.2

38

38.8

5

Religion

 

·       Hindu

214

57.8

156

42.2

4.387

2

.112

·       Christian

3

30

7

70

·       Muslim

14

70

6

30

·       others

0

0

0

0

6

Previous exposure to needle stick injury

 

·       Yes

29

61.7

18

38.3

.341

1

.337

·       No

202

57.2

151

42.8

7

Number of times exposure to needle stick injury

 

·       One

16

50

16

50

6.515

3

.089

·       Two

8

80

2

20

·       Three

5

100

0

0

·       None

202

57.2

151

42.8

8

Vaccinated for HBV

 

·       Yes

179

61.7

111

38.3

6.826

1

.006*

·       No

52

47.3

58

52.7

9

Area of clinical posting

 

·       Community

24

66.7

12

33.3

3.595

2

.166

·       Public health center

3

100

0

0

·       Hospital

204

56.5

157

43.5

10

Chance of giving injection per day

 

·       Yes

133

62.7

79

37.3

4.596

1

.021*

·       No

98

52.1

90

47.9

**-p < 0.001highly significant *-p < 0.05 significant S – Significant, N.S – Not Significant

 

Table 11: Association between the Post-test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith their selected demographic variables.                                                                                                                          (N=400)

S. No

Demographic Variable

Low Competent

High Competent

X2

 

p-value

N

%

N

%

1

Age (in years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

·      17-18 years

66

54.5

55

45.5

17.11

3

.001**

·      19-20 years

53

33.3

106

66.7

·      20-21 years

35

34

68

66

·      Above 21 years

4

23.5

13

76.5

2

Gender

9.415

1

.002*

 

·      Male

62

50.8

60

49.2

·      Female

96

34.5

182

65.5

3

Type of course

5.330

1

.017*

 

·      B.Sc. Nursing

158

40.3

234

59.7

·      P.B.B.Sc. Nursing

0

0

8

100

4

Year

 

·      1st year

51

49

53

51

6.165

3

.104

·      2nd year

37

37

63

63

·      3rd year

32

32.7

66

67.3

·      4th year

38

38.8

60

61.2

5

Religion

 

·      Hindu

149

40.3

221

59.7

3.736

2

.154

·      Christian

5

50

5

50

·      Muslim

4

20

16

80

·      others

0

0

0

0

6

Previous exposure to needle stick injury

 

·      Yes

17

36.2

30

63.8

.247

1

.371

·      No

141

39.9

212

60.1

7

Number of times exposure to needle stick injury

 

·      One

15

46.9

17

53.1

5.613

3

.132

·      Two

2

20

8

80

·      Three

0

0

5

100

·      None

141

39.9

212

60.1

8

Vaccinated for HBV

 

·      Yes

106

36.6

184

63.4

3.836

1

.033*

·      No

52

47.3

58

52.7

9

Area of clinical posting

 

·      Community

12

33.3

24

66.7

2.666

2

.264

·      Public health center

0

0

3

100

·      Hospital

146

40.4

215

59.6

10

Chance of giving injection per day

 

·      Yes

77

36.3

135

63.7

1.908

1

.101

·      No

81

43.1

107

56.9

**-p < 0.001 highly significant *-p < 0.05 significant S – Significant, N.S – Not Significant

 

DISCUSSION:

The first objective of the study to assess the level of knowledge and skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses at SMVNC.

This study shows Frequency and percentage wise distribution of pre-test and post- test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses. In pre-test, majority of the student nurses 273 (68.2%) had moderate level of knowledge and 127 (31.8%) had inadequate level of knowledge. The mean and standard deviation of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses in pre-test is (14.9+4.716).

 

In post-test, Majority of the student nurses 206 (51.5%) had moderate level of knowledge and 194 (48.5%) had adequate level of knowledge. The mean and standard deviation of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses in post-test is (25.0+5.333). (Table-2)

 

This result was supported by Dr. SaravananK et al., (2018) and they conducted a study on Knowledge and Practices of Needle Stick Injuries among Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the year 2018 at Northeast India. A descriptive study design was adapted with Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The nurses who experienced needle stick injuries in the past one year were 67.3%. By giving IV injections (42.2%) was the frequent mode of NSI acquired among the nurses. The nurses who received post exposure after NSI injury were only 27.5%. Most of them (57.8%) reported the NSI to their higher officials. The results show that 25.4% of the nurses had adequate knowledge.

 

This study shows Frequency and percentage wise distribution of pre-test and post- test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses. In pre-test, Majority of the student nurses 231 (57.8%) had low competent level of skill and 169 (42.3%) had high competent level of skill. The mean and standard deviation of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses in pre-test is (6.73+2.044).

 

In post-test, Majority of the student nurses 158 (39.5%) had low competent level of skill and 242 (60.5%) had high competent level of skill. The mean and standard deviation of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses in post-test is (12.0+1.766). (Table-3).

 

This result was supported by Hani A. Nawafleh et.al., (2018) and they did a study on investigating needle stick injuries; Incidence, knowledge and skill among nursing students from Al-Hussein Bin Talal University at South Jordanian. The sample population consisted of all undergraduate Nursing students from second to fourth academic level at the university. Self- structured questionnaire was used for this study. The results shows that most of the students had positive skill of Needle stick injury’s while two third of the student nurses experienced Needle stick injury with increasing number of injured nurses occurring among second year students due to the lack of knowledge regarding universal precaution guidelines and acupuncture safety device.

 

The second objective of the study to evaluate the effectiveness of Hands on Clinical Training Program regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses at SMVNC:

Table 4 shows that, the mean score of effectiveness in the pre-test was 14.96 ± 4.716 and the mean score in the post- test was 25.04 ± 5.333 respectively.

 

The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = -89.04 shows statistically highly significant difference between Comparison of the Pre-test and post- test level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses respectively.

 

Table 5 shows that, the mean score of effectiveness in the pre-test was 6.737 ± 2.044 and the mean score in the post- test was 12.02 ± 1.766 respectively.

 

The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = -28.34 shows statistically highly significant difference between Comparison of the Pre-test and post- test level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses respectively. Hence a hypothesis (H1) is accepted.

 

In case of administration of Clinical Training Programmethe result shows that effectiveness in the level of knowledge and skills regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses.

 

This result was supported by Seham A. Abd El-Hay et. al., (2015) and they conducted a study to assess the effect of educational program on knowledge and practice of undergraduate nursing students toward prevention of needle stick and sharp injuries during clinical training. A quasi experimental design was adapted with Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. All available (33) second and third year nursing students who were registered at third year in the Faculty of Applied Medical Science (18) students and (15) students from second & third year at Faculty of Health Science participated.The program contributed to a significant improvement in the level of nursing students' knowledge and practice regarding needle stick and sharp injuries post intervention educational program.

 

The third objective of the study to correlate the knowledge and skill before and after the Hands on Clinical Training Program on Needle stick injuries and its safety measures:

Table 6 shows Correlation of level of knowledge and skill in pre-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses. In mean and standard deviation of level of knowledge and skill in Pre-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses is 14.96 ±4.716 and 6.737 ± 2.044,Correlation of level of knowledge and skill  in Pre-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures indicates the negative correlation and shows the results that r- value is (-.405) and p-value is (p=.001) and are highly significant.

 

Table 7 shows Correlation of level of knowledge and skill in post-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses. In mean and standard deviation of level of knowledge and skill  in post-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses is 25.04±5.333 and 12.02 ±1.766, Correlation of level of knowledge and skill  in post-test regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures indicates the positive correlation and shows the results r- value is (.569) p-value is (p=.001) are highly significant.  Hence a hypothesis (H2) is accepted.

 

The result shows that there is significant correlation between the effectiveness in the level of knowledge and skills regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

 

The fourth objective of the study to associate the level of knowledge and skill regarding Needle stick injury with their selected demographic variables among student nurses at SMVNC:

Table 8 depicts that the  demographic variable age in years, gender, year of studying, vaccinated for HBV booster  and Chance of giving injection per day   had shown statistically significant association Pre-test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurseswith chi-square value of (c2=74.48, df=3), (c2=12.68, df=1), (c2=94.64, df=3) (c2=67.18, df=1) and (c2=51.38, df=1)   at p<0.001 level. The other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with Pre-test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses.

 

Table 9 depicts that the  demographic variable age in years, gender , year of studying, vaccinated for HBV booster, area of clinical posting  and Chance of giving injection per day   had shown statistically significant association Post test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses with chi-square value of (c2=50.15, df=3), (c2=87.5, df=3), (c2=49.34, df=1), (c2=13.67, df=1) and (c2=46.94, df=1)   at p<0.001 level. The demographic variable gender of course had shown statistically significant association Post- test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurseswith chi-square value of (c2=5.891, df=1) at p<0.05 level. The other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with Post-test of the level of knowledge regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

 

Table 10 depicts that the demographic variable age in years and gender had shown statistically significant association pre- test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith chi-square value of (c2=20.4, df=3) and (c2=13.08, df=3) at p<0.001 level. The demographic variable type of course, year of course vaccinated for HBV and chance of giving injection per day had shown statistically significant association pre-test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith chi-square value of (c2=5.972, df=1 ) , (c2=10.908, df=3) (c2=6.826, df=1) and (c2=4.596, df=1) at p<0.05 level. The other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with Pre-test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

 

Table 11 depicts that the demographic variable age in years had shown statistically significant association post- test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurseswith chi-square value of (c2=17.11, df=3) at p<0.001 level. The demographic variable gender, year  of course and  vaccinated for HBV injection per day had shown statistically significant association post-test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its  safety measures among student nurseswith chi-square value of (c2=9.415, df=1), (c2=5.330, df=3) and  (c2=3.836, df=1) at p<0.05 level. The other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with Post-test of the level of skill regarding Needle stick injuries and its related safety measures among student nurses.

 

CONCLUSION:

A study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hands on Clinical Training Program on Needle Stick Injuries and its Safety Measures among Student Nurses at SMVNC, Puducherry. The findings of the study revealed that out of 400Student Nurses, the level of knowledge and skills regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures. In post-test, Majority of the student nurses206 (51.5%) had moderate level of knowledge and 194 (48.5%) had adequate level of knowledge. And skill, Majority of the student nurses158 (39.5%) had Low competent skill and 242 (60.5%) had High competent skill. The Intervention in Hands on Clinical Training Programme, the researcher in order to improve the level of knowledge and skills regarding Needle stick injuries and its safety measures among student nurses.

 

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Received on 28.06.2019         Modified on 11.07.2019

Accepted on 23.07.2019       ©A&V Publications All right reserved

Int.  J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2019; 7(3): 225-233.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2019.00052.0